Title : Diagnostics and clinical manifestations of Listeriosis in Kazakhstan
Abstract:
The problem of Listeriosis is quite acute in the world. At the same time, in literature, Listeriosis is usually associated with a severe intestinal infection. As a result of more than 30 years of Listeriosis studying in Kazakhstan (the manual on Listeriosis we published in 1995, we have a clear idea of the epidemiology, spectrum of clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnosis of Listeriosis.
So, in our view, Listeriosis exists in two "planes" as a zoonotic infection circulating in the numerous animal species, including mammals, birds, fish and reptiles on the one hand, and as sapronosis, when listeria can persist for a long time and even multiply in environmental conditions.Infection can occur alimentary and aerogenic and contact, including sexual and vertical, ways.At the same time, depending on the mechanism of infection, the following primary focal forms develop: cutaneous (infected through the skin), conjunctival (infected through the mucous membranes of the eyes), oropharyngeal (infected through the oral mucosa), intestinal / abdominal (when Listeria enters the stomach and intestines), genital (infected through the mucous membrane of the genital tract). Usually regional lymphadenitis developed.
Listeriosis can be acute and chronical, while Listeria can persist for a long time and be found on the mucous membranes of the oropharynx / tonsils (chronic tonsillitis / pharyngitis), in the gallbladder and bile ducts (chronic cholecystitis / cholangitis), the urinary system (chronic pyelonephritis), the reproductive system (inflammatory processes in men and women).As a result of hematogenic dissemination, Listeria causes secondary foci in the lungs (pneumonia), liver (hepatitis), kidneys (pyelonephritis), central nervous system (meningoencephalitis), secondary skin lesions and other.
Laboratory diagnostics should consist of classical bacteriological study of clinical material from primary or secondary foci of infection, and punctate of enlarged lymph nodes. PCR is useful.
Interpretation of serological examination (ELISA) is more complicated, because in the absence of IgM and the presence of IgG only, it is necessary to determine the activity of the infectious process.
In this presentation, we also wanted to demonstrate the features of skin lesions in listeriosis, since this side of listeriosis is little known to the general medical community.
Characteristic skin manifestations develop with a cutaneous or ulcerative form of infection, passing through the stages of development of a spot - papule - vesicle - ulcer. The most informative method of diagnosing the skin form is bacteriological examination of the skin affect. Skin effects develop at the site of listeria penetration through skin damage (even at the site of mosquito bites). They can be either single or multiple.
On the other hand, skin lesions, in the form of multiple skin affects (secondary), can occur during the generalization of the process, as manifestations of secondary foci.
Thus, the material from skin lesions should also be examined for listeria (bacteriological or PCR) with an appropriate clinical manifestations, among other etiological factors of infection.
Listeria isolated in Almaty more often had sensitivity to the following antibacterial drugs: fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin – 85 - 88%), cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefaclor - 85%).
What will audience learn from your presentation?
Participants will learn the spectrum of listeriosis clinical manifestations, the features of skin manifestations and the informative value of methods for diagnosing listeriosis.
- How will this help the audience in their job? Is this research that other faculty could use to expand their research or teaching?
The results obtained by us can be used by the participants for teaching in the field of microbiology, epidemiology and infectious diseases
- Does this provide a practical solution to a problem that could simplify or make a designer’s job more efficient? Will it improve the accuracy of a design, or provide new information to assist in a design problem? List all other benefits.
The presented data provide a practical solution to the problem of diagnosing a number of syndromes and improve laboratory diagnostics and treatment of listeriosis
